HDAC2 Human

Histone Deacetylase 2 Human Recombinant

HDAC2 Human Recombinant, produced in Hi-5 Cells, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 496 amino acids (1-488) with a molecular weight of 56.4 kDa. This protein is fused to an 8 amino acid His-Tag at the C-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT25005
Source
Hi-5 Cell.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution

HDAC8 Human

Histone Deacetylase 8 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human HDAC8, produced in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system, is a glycosylated protein with a molecular weight of 42.6 kDa. It encompasses amino acids 1-377 of the full-length protein and includes a 6-amino acid His-tag at the C-terminus for purification. The protein is purified to a high degree using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT25076
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance
A clear solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

HDAC8 Mouse

Histone Deacetylase 8 Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant HDAC8 Mouse, produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 383 amino acids (with amino acids 1-377 being specifically identified) and has a molecular weight of 42.5 kDa. Under reducing conditions on SDS-PAGE, it migrates between 40-57 kDa. This HDAC8 protein is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at the C-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT25146
Source
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on histone and non-histone proteins . This action is crucial for the regulation of gene expression, as it allows histones to wrap DNA more tightly, thereby repressing gene transcription . HDACs are classified into four main classes based on their sequence homology to yeast enzymes and domain organization :

  • Class I: Includes HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8. These are primarily located in the nucleus and are ubiquitously expressed.
  • Class II: Subdivided into Class IIa (HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7, HDAC9) and Class IIb (HDAC6, HDAC10). These can shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
  • Class III: Known as sirtuins (SIRT1-7), these are NAD±dependent deacetylases.
  • Class IV: Contains only HDAC11, which shares properties with both Class I and II.
Biological Properties

HDACs exhibit several key biological properties, including their expression patterns and tissue distribution :

  • Expression Patterns: HDACs are expressed ubiquitously, but their levels can vary significantly between different tissues.
  • Tissue Distribution: For example, HDAC1 and HDAC2 are found in most tissues, while HDAC4 is predominantly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain .
Biological Functions

HDACs play a variety of roles in biological processes :

  • Gene Expression: By removing acetyl groups from histones, HDACs cause chromatin condensation, leading to transcriptional repression .
  • Immune Responses: HDACs are involved in the regulation of immune responses and pathogen recognition. For instance, HDAC9 plays a role in innate immunity .
  • Cellular Processes: HDACs regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis .
Modes of Action

HDACs interact with other molecules and cells through various mechanisms :

  • Binding Partners: HDACs form complexes with other proteins, such as transcription factors and co-repressors, to exert their effects .
  • Downstream Signaling Cascades: HDACs influence several signaling pathways by deacetylating key regulatory proteins .
Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of HDACs are tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms :

  • Transcriptional Regulation: HDAC gene expression is controlled by various transcription factors and regulatory elements.
  • Post-Translational Modifications: HDACs undergo modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, which can alter their activity and stability .
Applications

HDACs have significant applications in biomedical research and therapeutic strategies :

  • Biomedical Research: HDAC inhibitors are used to study gene expression and chromatin dynamics.
  • Diagnostic Tools: HDAC activity can serve as a biomarker for certain diseases.
  • Therapeutic Strategies: HDAC inhibitors are being developed as treatments for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory conditions .
Role in the Life Cycle

HDACs play crucial roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease :

  • Development: HDACs are essential for proper development and differentiation of various tissues.
  • Aging: Changes in HDAC activity are associated with aging and age-related diseases.
  • Disease: Dysregulation of HDAC activity is linked to several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders .
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