GUK1 Human

Guanylate Kinase 1 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human GUK1, expressed in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 217 amino acids (residues 1-197) with a molecular weight of 23.9 kDa. This protein comprises the GUK1 sequence fused to a 20-amino acid His tag at the N-terminus. Purification is achieved using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24443
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless, and sterile-filtered solution.

GUK1 Human, Active

Guanylate Kinase 1 Human Recombinant, Active

Recombinant human GUK1, expressed in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 217 amino acids (1-197 a.a.) with a molecular weight of 23.9 kDa. This protein features a 20 amino acid His Tag at the N-terminus and undergoes purification through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24505
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized through filtration.
Definition and Classification

Guanylate kinase (GK) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a phosphate group as an acceptor . Guanylate kinase is essential for recycling GMP and indirectly, cyclic GMP (cGMP) .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Guanylate kinase is a highly conserved monomeric protein of about 200 amino acids . It is essential for the recycling of GMP and cGMP, which are crucial for various cellular processes .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Guanylate kinase is expressed in various tissues, including the brain, lung, kidney, and blood vessels . It is also found in prokaryotes like Escherichia coli, lower eukaryotes such as yeast, and vertebrates .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: Guanylate kinase plays a critical role in guanine nucleotide metabolism, which is essential for DNA and RNA synthesis . It is also involved in the intracellular activation of antiviral and anticancer purine nucleoside analog prodrugs .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), which are related to guanylate kinase, are involved in host defense against diverse pathogens, including bacteria, protozoa, and viruses . They play a role in the host antiviral innate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Guanylate kinase catalyzes the reversible phosphoryl group transfer from ATP to GMP, yielding GDP and ADP . This reaction is crucial for maintaining the balance of guanine nucleotides within the cell .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Guanylate kinase interacts with various molecules, including GMP and ATP, to facilitate its catalytic activity . It also plays a role in downstream signaling pathways that regulate cellular processes such as muscle relaxation and vasodilation .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of guanylate kinase is regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including stress responses and nutrient availability .

Post-Translational Modifications: Guanylate kinase activity can be regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, which can affect its catalytic efficiency and interactions with other proteins .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Guanylate kinase is a potential target for antiviral therapies, particularly against SARS-CoV-2 . Inhibitors of guanylate kinase have shown promise in reducing viral replication without affecting the host .

Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Guanylate kinase and its related pathways are being explored for their potential in diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for various diseases, including cancer and viral infections .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development to Aging and Disease: Guanylate kinase plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging. It is involved in cellular processes essential for growth and maintenance . Dysregulation of guanylate kinase activity has been linked to various diseases, including cancer and viral infections .

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