GZMB Human

Granzyme-B Human Recombinant

Recombinant human GZMB, produced in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain lacking glycosylation. It comprises 248 amino acids (specifically residues 21 to 247) and has a molecular weight of 27.8 kDa. This protein is engineered with a 20 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus to facilitate purification, which is achieved using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT23861
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
A clear, sterile solution.

GZMK Human

Granzyme-K Human Recombinant

Recombinant human GZMK, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 261 amino acids (residues 27-264). It has a molecular weight of 28.2 kDa. The protein includes a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24285
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, sterile-filtered solution.

GZMK Human, Sf9

Granzyme-K, Human Recombinant, sf9

Recombinant human GZMK, expressed in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus system, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain. This protein consists of 247 amino acids (residues 27-264), resulting in a molecular weight of 26.9 kDa. However, on SDS-PAGE analysis, it appears as a band around 28-40 kDa due to glycosylation. The recombinant GZMK is engineered with a 6-amino acid His-tag fused to its C-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24365
Source
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Appearance
A clear solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

GZMB Human, sf9

Granzyme-B, Sf9 Human Recombinant

Produced in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system, our GZMB is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain. It consists of 235 amino acids (residues 19-247) and has a molecular weight of 26.5 kDa. Please note that due to glycosylation, the apparent molecular size on SDS-PAGE may vary between 28-40 kDa. For purification and detection purposes, GZMB is expressed with a 6-amino acid Histidine tag at the C-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT23974
Source
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterile-filtered.

GZMB Mouse

Granzyme-B Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant Mouse GZMB, expressed in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 26.3 kDa. It encompasses amino acids 19-247, corresponding to the mature protein, and has a 6-amino acid His-tag fused at the C-terminus. The protein undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24056
Source
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

GZMH Human

Granzyme-H Human Recombinant

Recombinant human GZMH, expressed in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain that lacks glycosylation. It comprises 248 amino acids (specifically, residues 20-246), resulting in a molecular weight of 27.5 kDa.
The N-terminus of GZMH is fused with a 21 amino acid His-tag to facilitate purification, which is achieved using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24129
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear solution that has undergone sterile filtration.

GZMH Human, sf9

Granzyme-H Human Recombinant, sf9

Produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, GZMH is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 26.2kDa. It consists of 234 amino acids (19-246 a.a.). On SDS-PAGE, the molecular size will appear between 28-40kDa. The GZMH protein is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at the C-Terminus and undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24209
Source
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

Granzymes are a family of serine proteases predominantly found in the cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells . These enzymes play a crucial role in the immune response by inducing apoptosis in target cells that are infected or cancerous . There are five main types of granzymes in humans: Granzyme A, B, H, K, and M .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Granzymes are structurally related serine proteases that differ in their substrate specificity . They are synthesized as inactive precursors and activated by proteolytic cleavage .

Expression Patterns: Granzymes are expressed primarily in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells . However, they can also be found in other immune cells such as dendritic cells, B cells, and mast cells .

Tissue Distribution: Granzymes are distributed in various tissues, including the spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood . They can also be detected in non-immune cells such as keratinocytes, pneumocytes, and chondrocytes .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of granzymes is to induce apoptosis in target cells . Granzyme B, for example, activates caspases, which are crucial for the execution of apoptosis .

Role in Immune Responses: Granzymes play a vital role in the immune response by eliminating cells that have become cancerous or are infected with viruses or bacteria . They also kill bacteria and inhibit viral replication .

Pathogen Recognition: Granzymes contribute to pathogen recognition by targeting and killing intracellular pathogens . For instance, Granzyme A and B induce lethal oxidative damage in bacteria by cleaving components of the electron transport chain .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Granzymes are delivered into target cells via the pore-forming protein perforin . Once inside the cell, they cleave various substrates to induce apoptosis .

Binding Partners: Granzymes interact with several binding partners, including perforin and various intracellular proteins . Granzyme B, for example, cleaves the protein Bid, which recruits Bax and Bak to change the membrane permeability of the mitochondria .

Downstream Signaling Cascades: Granzymes activate downstream signaling cascades that lead to apoptosis . Granzyme B activates caspase-3, which cleaves many substrates, including caspase-activated DNase, to execute cell death .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of granzymes is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level . Various transcription factors bind to the promoter regions of granzyme genes to control their expression .

Post-Translational Modifications: Granzymes undergo post-translational modifications, such as proteolytic cleavage, to become active . These modifications are crucial for their function and regulation .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Granzymes are extensively studied in biomedical research for their role in immune responses and apoptosis . They are used as markers for cytotoxic activity in various assays .

Diagnostic Tools: Granzymes serve as diagnostic markers for certain diseases, including cancer and viral infections . Elevated levels of granzymes can indicate an active immune response .

Therapeutic Strategies: Granzymes are being explored as therapeutic agents for cancer and infectious diseases . Their ability to induce apoptosis makes them potential candidates for targeted therapies .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: Granzymes are involved in the development of the immune system by eliminating defective or harmful cells .

Aging: The activity of granzymes can change with age, potentially contributing to age-related immune dysfunction .

Disease: Dysregulation of granzyme activity is associated with various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation, and cancer . Understanding their role in these conditions is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies .

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