Enzymes
Product List
TPO Human, Biotin
Thyroid Peroxidase Human Recombinant, Biotinylated
TPX E.coli
Thiol Peroxidase E.Coli Recombinant
Uricase
Urate Oxidase Recombinant
Introduction
Oxidases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of electrons from a substrate to an oxygen molecule, producing water or hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. They are a subset of the larger group of enzymes known as oxidoreductases. Oxidases can be classified based on their substrate specificity and the type of reaction they catalyze. Common types include cytochrome oxidases, monoamine oxidases, and xanthine oxidases.
Key Biological Properties: Oxidases are crucial for various metabolic processes. They exhibit high substrate specificity and are often involved in redox reactions. Expression Patterns: The expression of oxidases varies widely among different tissues and cell types. For instance, cytochrome oxidase is predominantly found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. Tissue Distribution: Oxidases are distributed across various tissues, with specific types localized in particular organs. For example, monoamine oxidase is primarily found in the nervous system and liver.
Primary Biological Functions: Oxidases play a vital role in cellular respiration, detoxification, and metabolic pathways. They are involved in the breakdown of neurotransmitters and the metabolism of drugs. Role in Immune Responses: Oxidases, such as NADPH oxidase, are essential in the immune response, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) to combat pathogens. Pathogen Recognition: Certain oxidases are involved in the recognition and neutralization of pathogens, contributing to the body’s defense mechanisms.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Oxidases interact with various molecules, including substrates, cofactors, and other enzymes, to facilitate redox reactions. Binding Partners: They often require cofactors such as flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or heme groups to function effectively. Downstream Signaling Cascades: The activity of oxidases can trigger downstream signaling pathways, influencing cellular responses such as apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation.
Expression and Activity Control: The expression and activity of oxidases are tightly regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications. Transcriptional Regulation: Specific transcription factors bind to promoter regions of oxidase genes, modulating their expression in response to cellular signals. Post-Translational Modifications: Oxidases undergo various post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which can alter their activity, stability, and localization.
Biomedical Research: Oxidases are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Diagnostic Tools: Enzyme assays involving oxidases are used in diagnostic tests for conditions like diabetes (glucose oxidase) and liver function (xanthine oxidase). Therapeutic Strategies: Inhibitors of specific oxidases, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), are used in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Development to Aging and Disease: Oxidases are involved in various stages of the life cycle, from development to aging. They play roles in cellular differentiation, growth, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of oxidase activity is associated with aging and diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
