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Product List
PPA E.Coli
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase E.Coli Recombinant
Recombinant PPA E.Coli, produced in E.Coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 196 amino acids (residues 1-176) and possessing a molecular weight of 21.9 kDa. This protein is engineered with a 20 amino acid His-tag fused at the N-terminus and undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
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Cat. No.
BT30112
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized through filtration.
PPA Yeast
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Yeast Recombinant
Recombinant PPA Yeast, produced in E.Coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with 286 amino acids and a molecular mass of 35kDa. This purified enzyme is obtained through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30184
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterile-filtered.
PPA1 Human
Pyrophosphatase-1 Human Recombinant
Recombinant human PPA1, expressed in E.coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 313 amino acids (1-289). With a molecular weight of 35.2kDa, this protein is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
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PPA2 Human
Pyrophosphatase-2 Human Recombinant
Recombinant human PPA2 protein, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 325 amino acids (33-334 a.a), resulting in a molecular weight of 37.1kDa. The protein includes a 23 amino acid His-tag fused at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30897
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
The product is a sterile, colorless solution that has undergone filtration.
PPM1A Human
Protein Phosphatase 1A Alpha Isoform Human Recombinant
Recombinant Human PPM1A, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 418 amino acids (1-382a.a). It has a molecular mass of 46.6 kDa. The protein is fused to a 36 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30914
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
PPM1D Human
Protein Phosphatase 1D Human Recombinant
Recombinant human PPM1D, expressed in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 299 amino acids (98-375a.a.) with a molecular weight of 33.2 kDa. The protein is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
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ACYP1 Human
Acylphosphatase 1 Human Recombinant
Recombinant human ACYP1, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 13.6 kDa. It comprises 122 amino acids, including a 23 amino acid His tag at the N-terminus (amino acids 1-99). Purification of ACYP1 is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27104
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
CTDSP1 Human
CTD Small Phosphatase 1 Human Recombinant
Produced in E. coli, CTDSP1 is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 280 amino acids (specifically, amino acids 1 through 260) and possessing a molecular mass of 31.2 kDa. This CTDSP1 variant is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at its N-terminus and undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
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CTDSPL Human
CTD Small Phosphatase-Like Human Recombinant
Recombinant human CTDSPL, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. This protein consists of 209 amino acids (residues 82-265), resulting in a molecular weight of 23.9 kDa. For purification purposes, a 24 amino acid His-tag is fused to the N-terminus of the CTDSPL protein. Proprietary chromatographic methods ensure a high level of purity.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27266
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterile-filtered.
DCTPP1 Human
dCTP Pyrophosphatase 1 Human Recombinant
Recombinant human DCTPP1, produced in E.coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 194 amino acids (1-170) with a molecular mass of 21.2kDa. It is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
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Introduction
Definition and Classification
Phosphatases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from molecules, a process known as dephosphorylation. They play a crucial role in various cellular processes by regulating the phosphorylation state of proteins and other molecules. Phosphatases are broadly classified into two main categories:
- Protein Phosphatases: These enzymes specifically target phosphorylated amino acid residues in proteins. They are further divided into:
- Serine/Threonine Phosphatases: Target serine or threonine residues.
- Tyrosine Phosphatases: Target tyrosine residues.
- Dual-Specificity Phosphatases: Can target both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues.
- Non-Protein Phosphatases: These enzymes act on non-protein substrates, such as nucleotides, sugars, and lipids.
Biological Properties
Key Biological Properties:
- Catalytic Activity: Phosphatases hydrolyze phosphate esters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
- Substrate Specificity: They exhibit specificity for their substrates, which can be proteins, nucleotides, or other molecules.
Expression Patterns:
- Phosphatases are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cell types, with specific isoforms showing distinct expression patterns.
Tissue Distribution:
- Protein Phosphatases: Widely distributed across tissues, with high expression in the brain, liver, and muscles.
- Non-Protein Phosphatases: Found in various tissues, depending on their specific substrates.
Biological Functions
Primary Biological Functions:
- Regulation of Signal Transduction: Phosphatases modulate signaling pathways by dephosphorylating key signaling molecules.
- Cell Cycle Control: They play a role in cell cycle progression by regulating the phosphorylation state of cell cycle proteins.
- Metabolic Regulation: Phosphatases are involved in metabolic pathways by dephosphorylating metabolic enzymes.
Role in Immune Responses:
- Phosphatases regulate immune cell activation and function by modulating signaling pathways involved in immune responses.
Pathogen Recognition:
- Some phosphatases are involved in recognizing and responding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), contributing to the immune defense.
Modes of Action
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells:
- Phosphatases interact with various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleotides, to exert their dephosphorylation activity.
Binding Partners:
- They often form complexes with other proteins, which can regulate their activity and substrate specificity.
Downstream Signaling Cascades:
- By dephosphorylating key signaling molecules, phosphatases influence downstream signaling pathways, affecting cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Regulatory Mechanisms
Regulatory Mechanisms:
- Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of phosphatases is regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors and signaling pathways.
- Post-Translational Modifications: Phosphatases themselves can be regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and methylation, which can alter their activity, stability, and localization.
Applications
Biomedical Research:
- Phosphatases are studied to understand their role in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Diagnostic Tools:
- Phosphatase activity assays are used in diagnostic tests to measure enzyme activity in biological samples, aiding in the diagnosis of certain diseases.
Therapeutic Strategies:
- Inhibitors of specific phosphatases are being developed as potential therapeutic agents for diseases where phosphatase activity is dysregulated.
Role in the Life Cycle
Role Throughout the Life Cycle:
- Development: Phosphatases are involved in embryonic development by regulating signaling pathways that control cell differentiation and tissue formation.
- Aging: Changes in phosphatase activity have been associated with aging and age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
- Disease: Dysregulation of phosphatase activity is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, where altered phosphorylation states can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation.
