Recombinant Proteins
Product List
BCL10 Human
B-cell CLL/Lymphoma 10 Human Recombinant
BCL2 Human
B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2 Human Recombinant
BCL2L2 Human
BCL2 Like 2 Human Recombinant
BCL2L2 Human, His
BCL2 Like 2 Human Recombinant, His Tag
BCL7A Human
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7A Human Recombinant
Introduction
B cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates in B cells, which are a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. It is the most common type of lymphoma, accounting for about 85% of all lymphomas in the United States . B cell lymphomas are classified into various subtypes based on their histological and genetic characteristics. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) provide the most widely used classification systems. These classifications include subtypes such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma .
B cell lymphomas exhibit diverse biological properties, including distinct expression patterns and tissue distribution. For instance, DLBCL is characterized by its heterogeneity in gene expression and clinical behavior . B cell lymphomas can arise in various tissues, including lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and extranodal sites such as the stomach, lungs, and skin . The microenvironment of B cell lymphomas plays a crucial role in their biology, influencing tumor growth and response to therapy .
B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system. They produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens and facilitate their clearance by other immune cells . In the context of B cell lymphoma, malignant B cells retain some of these functions but also acquire properties that promote tumor growth and survival. For example, they can evade immune surveillance and create an immunosuppressive microenvironment . B cell lymphomas can also disrupt normal immune responses, leading to immunodeficiency and increased susceptibility to infections .
The pathogenesis of B cell lymphoma involves complex interactions with other molecules and cells. Key binding partners include antigens recognized by the B cell receptor (BCR) and molecules involved in signaling pathways such as CD20 and CD19 . Downstream signaling cascades activated by these interactions include the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB pathways, which promote cell survival, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis . Therapeutic strategies often target these pathways to inhibit tumor growth and enhance immune responses .
The expression and activity of B cell lymphoma-related genes are tightly regulated at multiple levels. Transcriptional regulation involves factors such as MYC, BCL2, and BCL6, which are frequently dysregulated in B cell lymphomas . Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, further modulate the activity of key signaling proteins . Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, also play a role in regulating gene expression and maintaining the malignant phenotype .
B cell lymphomas have significant implications in biomedical research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. In research, they serve as models for studying the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis and immune evasion . Diagnostic tools include immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular techniques to identify specific markers and genetic abnormalities . Therapeutic strategies encompass conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab), and advanced approaches like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy .
B cell lymphomas can arise at any stage of life, from childhood to old age. The risk of developing B cell lymphoma increases with age, and certain genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis . During the life cycle, B cell lymphomas can undergo clonal evolution, leading to changes in their biological behavior and response to treatment . Understanding the life cycle of B cell lymphomas is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes .
