Recombinant Proteins
Product List
RPL7A Human
Ribosomal Protein L7A Human Recombinant
RPL8 Human
Ribosomal Protein L8 Human Recombinant
RPLP0 Human
Ribosomal Phosphoprotein P0 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Ribosomal proteins are essential components of ribosomes, the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis in all living cells. They work in conjunction with ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to form the two subunits of the ribosome: the small subunit and the large subunit. In prokaryotes, these subunits are referred to as 30S (small) and 50S (large), while in eukaryotes, they are 40S (small) and 60S (large) . Ribosomal proteins are highly conserved across different species, reflecting their fundamental role in cellular biology .
Ribosomal proteins exhibit several key biological properties:
- Expression Patterns: Ribosomal proteins are ubiquitously expressed in all cell types, given their essential role in protein synthesis .
- Tissue Distribution: They are found in all tissues, with particularly high concentrations in rapidly dividing cells and tissues with high protein synthesis demands, such as the liver and bone marrow .
The primary function of ribosomal proteins is to facilitate the assembly and function of ribosomes in protein synthesis. They play crucial roles in:
- Immune Responses: Some ribosomal proteins are involved in the immune response by recognizing and binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) .
- Pathogen Recognition: Certain ribosomal proteins can directly interact with viral RNA, aiding in the immune response against viral infections .
Ribosomal proteins interact with various molecules and cells through several mechanisms:
- Binding Partners: They bind to rRNA and other ribosomal proteins to form the ribosome’s structural framework .
- Downstream Signaling Cascades: Ribosomal proteins can influence downstream signaling pathways by interacting with other cellular proteins, thereby affecting processes such as cell growth and apoptosis .
The expression and activity of ribosomal proteins are tightly regulated through:
- Transcriptional Regulation: Ribosomal protein genes are regulated by transcription factors that respond to cellular growth conditions and stress .
- Post-Translational Modifications: Ribosomal proteins undergo various post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which can affect their function and stability .
Ribosomal proteins have several applications in biomedical research and clinical practice:
Ribosomal proteins play vital roles throughout the life cycle:
